Kopi, diabetes dan berat badan

Beberapa penelitian epidemiologi menyimpulkan bahwa kopi (baik caffeinated
maupun decaffeinated) dapat mengurangi risiko diabetes. Ini mungkin
berhubungan dengan penurunan berat badan. Penurunan berat badan diduga
berhubungan dengan kandungan kafein dan zat2 lain dalam kopi (chlorogenic
acid dan quinides). Namun kopi dapat menyebabkan kenaikan tekanan darah akut
sehingga ditakutkan akan meningkatkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler. Satu
penelitian singkat menyimpulkan bahwa kopi decaffeinated tidak menaikan
tekanan darah. Dengan demikian konsumsi kopi decaffeinated lebih aman dan
tetap dapat mengurangi risiko diabetes.

Abstract

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 84, No. 4, 682-693, October
2006
© 2006 American Society for Nutrition.
Coffee, diabetes, and weight control.
James A Greenberg, Carol N Boozer and Allan Geliebter.
From the Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, City
University of New York, New York NY (JAB), and the Department of Medicine,
Columbia University and New York Obesity Research Center, St
Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY (NB and AG)
Several prospective epidemiologic studies over the past 4 y concluded that
ingestion of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee can reduce the risk of
diabetes. This finding is at odds with the results of trials in humans
showing that glucose tolerance is reduced shortly after ingestion of
caffeine or caffeinated coffee and suggesting that coffee consumption could
increase the risk of diabetes. This review discusses epidemiologic and
laboratory studies of the effects of coffee and its constituents, with a
focus on diabetes risk. Weight loss may be an explanatory factor, because
one prospective epidemiologic study found that consumption of coffee was
followed by lower diabetes risk but only in participants who had lost
weight. A second such study found that both caffeine and coffee intakes were
modestly and inversely associated with weight gain. It is possible that
caffeine and other constituents of coffee, such as chlorogenic acid and
quinides, are involved in causing weight loss. Caffeine and caffeinated
coffee have been shown to acutely increase blood pressure and thereby to
pose a health threat to persons with cardiovascular disease risk. One
short-term study found that ground decaffeinated coffee did not increase
blood pressure. Decaffeinated coffee, therefore, may be the type of coffee
that can safely help persons decrease diabetes risk. However, the ability of
decaffeinated coffee to achieve these effects is based on a limited number
of studies, and the underlying biological mechanisms have yet to be
elucidated.