Apakah kopi menyebabkan hipertensi?

Kita sering mendengar anjuran agar jangan minum kopi menyebabkan darah tinggi.

 

Betulkah pendapat tersebut?

 

Selama ini penelitian tentang hubungan minum kopi dan hipertensi tidak dapat menyimpulkan secara tegas.

 

Penelitian terbaru ini meneliti hubungan minum kopi dengan pemberian obat antihipertensi.

 

Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa konsumsi >1 cangkir kopi perhari berhubungan dengan terapi antihipertensi. Namun konsumsi 8 cangkir kopi perhari tidak berhubungan dengan terapi antihipertensi.

 

Dengan demikian hubungan kopi dan hipertensi tetap belum jelas.

 

Coffee consumption and the incidence of antihypertensive drug treatment in Finnish men and women

 

Am J Clin Nutr August 2007;86:457-464. © American Society for Nutrition
Coffee consumption and the incidence of antihypertensive drug treatment in Finnish men and women, Gang Hu, Pekka Jousilahti, Aulikki Nissinen, Siamak Bidel, Riitta Antikainen and Jaakko Tuomilehto

 

Background: Only 2 prospective studies have previously investigated the association between coffee consumption and incident hypertension, and the findings are equivocal.

Objective: The objective was to determine the relation between coffee consumption and the incidence of antihypertensive drug treatment.

Design: We prospectively followed 24 710 Finnish subjects aged 25-64 y without a history of antihypertensive drug treatment, coronary heart disease, or stroke at baseline. Daily coffee consumption was assessed by questionnaires.

Results: During a mean follow-up period of 13.2 y, 2505 participants started antihypertensive drug treatment. The multivariate-adjusted (age, sex, study year, education, leisure-time physical activity, smoking, body mass index, high total cholesterol, history of diabetes, and alcohol, tea, fruit, vegetable, sausage, and bread consumption) hazard ratios for antihypertensive drug treatment associated with the amount of coffee consumed daily (0-1, 2-3, 4-5, 6-7, or 8 cups) were 1.00, 1.29 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.54), 1.26 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.49), 1.24 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.48), and 1.14 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.37) (P for trend = 0.024), respectively. This trend became marginally significant after additional adjustment for baseline systolic blood pressure (P for trend = 0.077).

Conclusions: The results indicate that coffee drinking seems to increase the risk of antihypertensive drug treatment, and this risk was higher in subjects with low-to-moderate coffee intakes; however, there was no significantly increased trend in drinkers of 1 cup (100 mL)/d or 8 cups/d.

Buah dan sayuran mencegah asma dan alergi

Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa diet kaya buah2an, sayuran dan kacang2an (banyak terkandung dalam menu tradisional diet Mediterrania) pada anak2 dapat mengurangi gejala asma dan rhinitis.

 

 

 

Thorax 2007;62:677-683 August 2007. © 2007 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & British Thoracic Society.
Protective effect of fruits, vegetables and the Mediterranean diet on asthma and allergies among children in Crete.  Leda Chatzi, Gianna Apostolaki, Ioannis Bibakis, Isabel Skypala, Vasilki Bibaki-Liakou, Nikolaos Tzanakis, Manolis Kogevinas and Paul Cullinan.

Background: Atopy is not uncommon among children living in rural Crete, but wheeze and rhinitis are rare. A study was undertaken to examine whether this discrepancy could be attributed to a high consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables or adherence to a traditional Mediterranean diet.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed in 690 children aged 7–18 years in rural Crete. Parents completed a questionnaire on their child's respiratory and allergic symptoms and a 58-item food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet was measured using a scale with 12 dietary items. Children underwent skin prick tests with 10 common aeroallergens.

Results: 80% of children ate fresh fruit (and 68% vegetables) at least twice a day. The intake of grapes, oranges, apples, and fresh tomatoes—the main local products in Crete—had no association with atopy but was protective for wheezing and rhinitis. A high consumption of nuts was found to be inversely associated with wheezing (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.98), whereas margarine increased the risk of both wheeze (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.01 to 4.82) and allergic rhinitis (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.31 to 3.37). A high level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet was protective for allergic rhinitis (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.64) while a more modest protection was observed for wheezing and atopy.

Conclusion: The results of this study suggest a beneficial effect of commonly consumed fruits, vegetables and nuts, and of a high adherence to a traditional Mediterranean diet during childhood on symptoms of asthma and rhinitis. Diet may explain the relative lack of allergic symptoms in this population.

Are people who regularly eat breakfast cereals slimmer than those who don't?

Sarapan - terutama dengan sereal - terbukti dapat menjaga berat badan ideal. Bagi yang ingin menjaga berat badan, lebih baik sarapan daripada menghindarinya yang akan menyebabkan rasa lapar intens.

 

 

Are people who regularly eat breakfast cereals slimmer than those who don't? A systematic review of the evidence

Nutrition Bulletin, Volume 32, Number 2, June 2007 , pp. 118-128(11) (doi: 10.1111/j.1467-3010.2007.00638.x). Blackwell Publishing

de la Hunty, A.; Ashwell, M.

 

Abstract:

Summary

There is growing evidence that people who eat breakfast regularly tend to be slimmer than those who skip breakfast. However, this is not a consistent finding and it is not true for all types of breakfast. Also the relationship with breakfast can disappear in studies when adjusted for breakfast cereal consumption, suggesting it is breakfast cereal that is driving the association. This systematic review, therefore, looked specifically at the relationship between breakfast cereal consumption and weight.

A systematic search of the literature identified nine references looking at the relationship between the consumption of breakfast cereals and BMI as an outcome measure.

Five of the nine included studies were in adults. These studies consistently showed that people who eat breakfast cereals regularly tend to have a lower BMI and are less likely to be overweight than those who do not eat breakfast cereals regularly. Although not all of the results were statistically significant, they all point in the same direction. There was no evidence that regular breakfast cereal consumers have lower daily energy intakes than infrequent consumers.

Four of the nine included studies were in children. As for adults, the evidence from the included studies is consistent that children who eat breakfast cereals regularly tend to have a lower BMI and are less likely to be overweight than those who eat breakfast cereals infrequently. There was no evidence that children who consume breakfast cereals regularly have lower energy intakes than infrequent cereal consumers.

This systematic review considered whether the relationship between breakfast cereal consumption and weight is likely to be mediated either through lower energy intakes or higher energy expenditures. We found no clear evidence for this or for any other proposed mechanism. The relationship could arise out of confounding by lifestyle factors.

There is consistent evidence of an association between breakfast cereal consumption and a healthy weight, but limited evidence for any proposed mechanism that would point to it being a causal relationship.